Influence of job characteristics, work environment, and engagement on employee performance in Indonesian state-owned enterprises

Authors

  • Masharyono Masharyono Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Padjadjaran University; Faculty of Economic and Business Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, West Java https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2043-4637
  • Ria Arifianti Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Padjajaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8572-2309
  • Iwan Sukoco Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Padjajaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indon
  • Herwan Abdul Muhyi Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Padjajaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
  • Desayu Eka Surya Department of Communication Science, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v10i6.1506

Keywords:

State-Owned Enterprises, , Indonesia, Job Characteristics, Employee Engagement, Employee Performance

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether employee performance is influenced by job characteristics, work environment, and employee engagement. The method used in this research was quantitative, employing a random sampling technique with 211 participants and data collection through a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used was Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM PLS). The results of this study indicate that (1) employee engagement is significantly influenced by job characteristics, (2) employee engagement is significantly influenced by the work environment, (3) employee performance is influenced by job characteristics, (4) employee performance is influenced by the work environment but not significantly, (5) employee performance is significantly influenced by employee engagement, (6) employee performance is significantly influenced by job characteristics through employee engagement, and (7) employee performance is significantly influenced by the work environment through employee engagement. It is expected that good employee performance will increase employee productivity.

Author Biography

Masharyono Masharyono, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Padjadjaran University; Faculty of Economic and Business Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, West Java

Doctoral Student at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Padjadjaran University, and Lecturer at the Faculty of Economic and Business Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, West Java

References

Ahmed, A., & Ramzan, M. (2013). Effects of job stress on employees job performance a study on banking sector of Pakistan. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 11(6), 61-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1166168

Warraich, U. A., Ahmed, R., Ahmad, N., & Khoso, I. (2014). Impact of stress on job performance: An empirical study of the employees of private sector universities of Karachi, Pakistan. Research Journal of Management Sciences, ISSN, 2319-1171.

Allameh, S. M., Shahriari, M., & Mansoori, H. (2012). Investigating Employee' s Attitude Toward Organization, Organizational Climate and Employee' s Engagement as Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior PhD . Candidate of Business Administration, Faculty of Administrative Science and Economics. 6(8), 384–393.

Amstrong, M. (2010). Amastrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (11th ed.). Kogan Page Limited.

Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance. International journal of productivity and performance management, 63(3), 308-323. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2013-0008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2013-0008

Anshari, H., Masjaya, H., & Amin, H. J. (2014). Pengaruh Komunikasi Organisasi Dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Bagian Sosial Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Kutai Timur. Jurnal Administrative Reform, 2(3), 397–409.

Arakal, T., & Mampilly, S. R. (2013). The Impact of Organisational Climate on Performance of Employees. 235–238.

Armstrong, M and Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong's Handbook Human Resources Management Praktice. In KoganPage (13th ed.). KoganPage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857021496 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857021496

Bernadin, J., & Russel, J. (2012). Human Resource Management 6th. McGraw-Hill Education.

Brass, D. J. (1981). Structural Relationships, Job Characteristics, and Worker Satisfaction and Performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26(3), 331. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392511 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2392511

Buil, I., Martínez, E., & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement and proactive personality. International journal of hospitality management, 77, 64-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.09.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.014

Busi, M., & Bititci, U. S. (2006). Collaborative performance management : present gaps and future research. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 55(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410400610635471 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17410400610635471

Carter, W. R., Nesbit, P. L., Badham, R. J., Parker, S. K., & Sung, L. K. (2018). The effects of employee engagement and self-efficacy on job performance: a longitudinal field study. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(17), 2483–2502. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1244096 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1244096

Dalal, R. S., Baysinger, M., Brummel, B. J., & Lebreton, J. M. (2012). The relative importance of employee engagement, other job attitudes, and trait affect as predictors of job performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(SUPPL. 1), 295–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.01017.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.01017.x

Dul, J., & Ceylan, C. (2011). Work environments for employee creativity. Ergonomics, 54(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2010.542833 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2010.542833

Elhamaly, A., Ali, I., Com, M., & Nayati, H. (2014). Job Satisfaction, Organizational Behavior, and Training to Improve Employees Performance Acase : Public Hospitals – Libya. Business and Management, 16(8), 75–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-16817582

Elizar, & Tanjung, H. (2018). Pengaruh Pelatihan, Kompetensi, Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Manajemen, 1(1), 46–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/maneggio.v1i1.2239

Esther, M. (2011). An analysis of the effect of corporate governance on performance of commercial state corporations in Kenya. Business and Public Management, 1(1), 90–101.

Guan, X., & Frenkel, S. (2018). How HR practice, work engagement and job crafting influence employee performance. Chinese Management Studies, 12(3), 591–607. https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-11-2017-0328 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-11-2017-0328

Gupta, N., & Sharma, V. (2016). Exploring Employee Engagement--A Way to Better Business Performance. Global Business Review, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150916631082 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150916631082

Hadi Senen, S., Masharyono, M., Triananda, N., & Sumiyati, S. (2016). The Employee Performance Influenced by Communication: A Study of BUMD in Indonesia. 15, 596–598. https://doi.org/10.2991/gcbme-16.2016.111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/gcbme-16.2016.111

Hadi Senen, S., Sumiyati, S., & Masharyono, M. (2016). The Effect of Skill Variety, Task Identity, Task Significance, Autonomy and Feedback on Job Performance. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 15(GCBME-16), 585–588. https://doi.org/10.2991/gcbme-16.2016.108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/gcbme-16.2016.108

Heriyati, P., & Ramadhan, A. S. (2012). The influence of employee satisfaction in supporting employee work performance and retention moderated by the employee engagement factor of an institution (An empirical study of binus business school). International Journal of Economics and Management, 6(1), 191–200.

Ho, V. T., Wong, S. S., & Lee, C. H. (2011). A Tale of Passion: Linking Job Passion and Cognitive Engagement to Employee Work Performance. Journal of Management Studies, 48(1), 26–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00878.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00878.x

Jing, F. F., Avery, G. C., & Bergsteiner, H. (2011). Organizational Climate and Performance in Retail Pharmacies. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(3), 224–242. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731111123898 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731111123898

Johari, J., Mohd Shamsudin, F., Fee Yean, T., Yahya, K. K., & Adnan, Z. (2019). Job characteristics, employee well-being, and job performance of public sector employees in Malaysia. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 32(1), 102–119. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-09-2017-0257

Johari, J., Shamsudin, F. M., Yean, T. F., Yahya, K. K., & Adnan, Z. (2018). Job characteristics, employee well-being, and job performance of public sector employees in Malaysia. International Journal of Public Sector Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-09-2017-0257 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-09-2017-0257

Kahya, E. (2007). The effects of job characteristics and working conditions on job performance. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 37(6), 515–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2007.02.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2007.02.006

Kaswan. (2015). Sikap Kerja dari Teori dan Implementasi sampai Bukti. Alfabeta.

Khan, R. A. G., Khan, F. A., & Khan, M. A. (2011). Impact of Training and Development on Organizational Performance. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 11(7), 63–69. https://globaljournals.org/GJMBR_Volume11/8-Impact-of-Training-and-Development-on-Organizational-Performance.pdf

Kompaso, S. M., Sridevi, M. S., & Markos, S. (2010). Employee Engagement: The Key to Improving Performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(12), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n12p89 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n12p89

Kuruppuge, R. H., & Gregar, A. (2017). Family involvement, employee engagement and employee performance in enterprising family firms. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 65(5), 1695–1707. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765051695 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765051695

Leiter, A. B. B. & M. P. (2010). Work Engagement a Handbook of Essential Theory and Research. Psychology Press Taylor & Francis Group.

Li, Y. P., & Mahadevan, A. (2017). A Studi on The Impact of Organisational Climate on Employee Performance in a Malaysian Consltancy. International Journal of Accounting & Business Management, 5(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/24924/ijabm/2017.04/v5.iss1/1.13

Ling, S. a I. M. E. I. (2014). an Investigation on Factors of Work Stress Influence Job Performance: Moderating by Social Support Master of Science Universiti Utara Malaysia. May.

Mahazi, S. H., Omar, Z., Khairuddin, I., & Ramli, B. (2012). The Development and Validation of Instrument of Teachers' Workload. Iternational Journal of Education and Research, 3(March 2015), 401–412.

Mittar, S., & Mathew, S. K. (2014). Human Resource Factors Influencing Employee Performance in Garment Manufacturing Firms ( GMF ) in Delhi / NCR. 5(7), 990–1002. https://doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/07.05.2014/006

Mone, E., Eisinger, C., Guggenheim, K., Price, B., & Stine, C. (2011). Performance Management at the Wheel: Driving Employee Engagement in Organizations. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(2), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-011-9222-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-011-9222-9

Nazir, O., & Islam, J. U. (2017). Enhancing organizational commitment and employee performance through employee engagement: An empirical check. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 6(1), 98–114. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-04-2016-0036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-04-2016-0036

Osa, I. G. (2014). Monetary Incentives Motivates Employee's On Organizational Performance. Arts Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(7), 61–69.

Rana, S., Ardichvili, A., & Tkachenko, O. (2014). A theoretical model of the antecedents and outcomes of employee engagement Dubin's method. Journal of Workplace Learning, 264(3), 249–266. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-09-2013-0063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-09-2013-0063

Raymond, N. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B. A., & Wright, P. M. (2016). Fundamental of Human Resource Management (Six). McGraw Hill Education. www.mhhe.com

Saks, A. M., & Gruman, J. A. (2011). Manage Employee Engagement to Manage Performance. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 4(2), 204–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2011.01328.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2011.01328.x

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2012). The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Condirmatory Factor Analytic Approach. 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326

Schaufeli, W. B., Martínez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Barker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students a cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005003

Senen, S. H., & Triananda, N. (2016). The Employee Performance Influenced by Communication: a Study of BUMD in Indonesia. 15, 596–598.

Swati Chaurasia, A. S. (2006). The influence of leader-member exchange relations on employee engagement and work role performance. International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, 16(4), 465-493 WINTER. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-16-04-2013-B002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-16-04-2013-B002

Wibowo. (2016). Manajemen Kinerja (5th ed.). Rajawali Pers. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/nominal.v5i2.11946

Widodo, D. S. (2014). Influence of Leadership And Work Environment To Job Satisfaction And Impact To Employee Performance ( Study On Industrial Manufacture In West Java ). Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(26), 2010–2015.

William, A., & Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work Psychological of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. 692–724. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256287

Yeh, H. (2012). The Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment on Leadership Type and Job Performance. 8(December), 50–59.

Published

2023-11-05

How to Cite

Masharyono, M., Arifianti, R., Sukoco, I., Abdul Muhyi, H., & Eka Surya, D. (2023). Influence of job characteristics, work environment, and engagement on employee performance in Indonesian state-owned enterprises. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR), 10(6), 853–866. https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v10i6.1506